Maltrato infantil: conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de estudiantes de Odontología de Cartagena, Colombia / Child abuse: knowledge, attitudes and practices of dental students in Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre maltrato infantil en estudiantes de odontología en una universidad pública de Cartagena, Colombia. Diseño del estudio: Estudio descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Universidad pública de Cartagena, Colombia.Participantes: 208 estudiantes de odontología de Cartagena (Colombia), seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico. Mediciones principales: Se diseñó y utilizó un instrumento tipo cuestionario estructurado anónimo de auto-reporte para evaluar las variables: sociodemográficas, conocimientos (relacionados con maltrato físico, abuso sexual, negligencia, maltrato psicológico, indicadores de maltrato infantil y responsabilidades), actitudes, prácticas y prevalencia de posibles sospechas de casos de maltrato infantil detectados en la práctica odontológica. Los datos fueron analizados a través de distribuciones de frecuencia y proporciones. Para establecer relaciones entre la sospecha de maltrato infantil con algunas variables de interés se utilizó la prueba χ2 asumiendo un límite de 0,05 para la significación. Resultados: La prevalencia actual de casos de sospecha de maltrato infantil fue del 2,4 %, y la de alguna vez del 20 %. Los conocimientos fueron buenos para el 54,3 % de los sujetos y aceptable en el 44,7 %; las actitudes favorables en el 96,1 %. De 42 estudiantes que tuvieron alguna sospecha durante su práctica, 15 manifestaron como primera acción comunicarla a su docente, seguida por comentarla a un compañero y guardar silencio. Las tres cuartas partes de los que manifestaron haber tenido una sospecha de maltrato no la consignaron en la historia clínica. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de posibles casos de maltrato infantil identificados por los estudiantes de odontología fue alta; sus conocimientos y actitudes fueron adecuados. Sin embargo, existe incongruencia con las prácticas reportadas; por esto es necesario realizar entrenamientos en la temática que brinden una mayor seguridad al estudiante en el momento de identificar y reportar los posibles casos de maltrato infantil desde la práctica odontológica (AU)

Objetive: to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices in dental students at the Cartagena state university, Colombia regarding child abuse. Study design: descriptive study. Location: Cartagena state university, Colombia. Participants: 208 dental students from Cartagena (Colombia), selected through probability sampling. Main analysed data: A self-reporting anonymous structured questionnaire-type instrument was designed and used to evaluate socio-demographic variables, knowledge (related to physical abuse, sexual abuse, negligence, psychological abuse, signs of child abuse and responsibilities), attitudes, practices and prevalence of possible suspicion of cases of child abuse detected in dental practice). The data were analysed through frequency distributions and proportions. In order to determine relationships between suspicion of child abuse and some variables of interest, test c2 was used, assuming a limit of 0.05 for significance. Results: Current prevalence of suspected cases of child abuse was 2.4% and that of it occurring at sometime, 20%. Knowledge was good for 54.3% of the subjects and acceptable for 44.7%; favourable attitudes, 96.1%. Of 42 students who had some kind of suspicion during their practice, 15 stated that their first action was to report it to their teacher, followed by telling a classmate and keeping quiet. Three quarters of those who stated they had suspected abuse did not enter it in the clinical record. Conclusions: The prevalence of possible cases of child abuse identified by dental students was high; their knowledge and attitudes were appropriate. However, there is incongruence in reported practices; for this reason, it is necessary to carry out training on the subject to provide the student with greater certainty on identifying and reporting possible cases of child abuse from the position of dental practice (AU)

Síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en jóvenes universitarios: prevalencia y factores relacionados / Depression and anxiety symptoms in young university students: prevalence and related factors

Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre síntomas depresivos y ansiosos con factores socio-demográficos, académicos, conductuales y familiares entre estudiantes universitarios de Cartagena, Colombia. Diseño del estudio: Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento: Universidad pública de Cartagena, Colombia. Participantes: 973 estudiantes universitarios de Cartagena (Colombia), seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico. Mediciones principales: Se utilizó un instrumento anónimo de auto-reporte que incluyó: variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, estrato socioeconómico), el cuestionario de cribado para ansiedad y depresión, cuestionario Goldberg (E.A.D.G), el APGAR familiar para determinar la función familiar y otras preguntas que indagaban por factores asociados. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de frecuencias y proporciones, razones de disparidad y regresión logística nominal. Resultados: La prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos fue del 76,2% y 74,4% respectivamente. Los factores asociados con síntomas ansiosos fueron: dificultades económicas, problemas familiares y consumo de alcohol; los relacionados con síntomas depresivos fueron: problemas familiares, dificultades económicas, ansiedad y antecedentes familiares de ansiedad o depresión. Conclusiones: La sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión fue alta en los universitarios, siendo las dificultades económicas y los problemas familiares los factores que más intervinieron para su aparición. Por lo tanto son necesarias las intervenciones que modifiquen estos comportamientos en beneficio de la calidad de vida de estos jóvenes (AU)

Objective: To estimate the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and socio-demographic, academic, behavioural and family factors among university students. Design of the study: Cross-sectional study. Sample setting: Public University of Cartagena, Colombia. Participants: 973 university students of Cartagena (Colombia), selected by probability sampling. Main measures: An anonymous self-reporting instrument was used. It included: socio-demographic variables (sex, age, socio-economic status), the screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety, the Goldberg questionnaire (GDAS) the APGAR family test to determine the family function and other test items which asked about associated factors. The data obtained were analyzed using frequencies and proportions, disparity ratios and nominal logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of the depression and anxiety symptoms was 76.2% and 74.4% respectively. The factors associated to anxiety symptoms were: economic difficulties, family problems and alcohol consumption; the factors related to depression symptoms were: family problems, economic difficulties, anxiety and family history of anxiety or depression. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression symptomatology was high among university students, being economic difficulties and family problems the most frequent factors causin its onset. Therefore, specific interventions to modify these behaviours for the benefit of the quality of life of these young people are required (AU)

Prevalencia de accidentes ocupacionales y factores relacionados en estudiantes de odontología / Prevalence of occupational accidents and related factors in students of dentistry

Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de accidentes ocupacionales en estudiantes de Odontología y asociarla con factores propios de su práctica clínica. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal, desarrollado en una universidad pública de la ciudad de Cartagena en 2010. Participaron 213 estudiantes que se encontraban en prácticas pre-clínicas y clínicas de odontología, que corresponden al 96,8 % de la población de referencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto-administrado para evaluar la ocurrencia de accidentes al igual que factores asociados. Los datos fueron analizados mediante prevalencias con intervalos de confianza al 95 %, usando la prueba chi², con nivel de significancia (p<0,05). La fuerza de asociación se estimó mediante OR y el análisis multivariable a través de regresión logística nominal. Resultados La prevalencia de accidentes ocupacionales fue de 46 %, el tipo de accidente ocurrido con mayor frecuencia fue el pinchazo (48,7 %), causado principalmente por el explorador (28,9 %). El 58,1 % de los accidentados notifican y siguen el protocolo de atención. El 87,7 % de los estudiantes enfundan la aguja luego de ser utilizada. A nivel bivariable sólo se presentó significancia entre accidentes ocupacionales y semestre, siendo más frecuente para los semestres más avanzados (p=0,004). Conclusiones Con la alta prevalencia de accidentes ocupacionales es necesario insistir en la implementación de estrategias que proporcionen ambientes seguros y adecuados para el desarrollo de las prácticas formativas para los estudiantes.

Objective Describe the prevalence of occupational accidents students of dentistry and associate it with factors of their clinical practice. Methods Cross-sectional study, developed in a public university in the city of Cartagena in 2010. Participants included 213 students in l pre-clinics and clinics practice of dentistry, selected by simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to evaluate the occurrence of accidents as well as the associated factors. The data were analyzed by prevalence rates with confidence intervals of 95 %, using the chi² test, with significance levels of 0.05. The Association Strength was estimated by OR and the multivariate analysis through nominal logistic regression. Results The prevalence of occupational accidents is 46 %, the type of accident most often is prick (48.7 %), caused mainly by the Explorer (28.9 %). 58.1 % of the accidents are reported and continue care protocol. 87.7 % of the students enfold the needle after use. At bivariate level, only statistically significant association between occupational accidents and semester was presented, being more frequent for the more advanced semesters (p=0.004). Conclusions because of high prevalence of occupational accidents, it is necessary to insist on the implementation of strategies for safe and appropriate environments for the development of educational practices for students.

[Prevalence of occupational accidents and related factors in students of dentistry]. / Prevalencia de accidentes ocupacionales y factores relacionados en estudiantes de odontología.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the prevalence of occupational accidents students of dentistry and associate it with factors of their clinical practice. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, developed in a public university in the city of Cartagena in 2010. Participants included 213 students in l pre-clinics and clinics practice of dentistry, selected by simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to evaluate the occurrence of accidents as well as the associated factors. The data were analyzed by prevalence rates with confidence intervals of 95 %, using the chi2 test, with significance levels of 0.05. The Association Strength was estimated by OR and the multivariate analysis through nominal logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of occupational accidents is 46 %, the type of accident most often is prick (48.7 %), caused mainly by the Explorer (28.9 %). 58.1 % of the accidents are reported and continue care protocol. 87.7 % of the students enfold the needle after use. At bivariate level, only statistically significant association between occupational accidents and semester was presented, being more frequent for the more advanced semesters (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: because of high prevalence of occupational accidents, it is necessary to insist on the implementation of strategies for safe and appropriate environments for the development of educational practices for students.

[Public university students' psychosocial factors associated with legal and illegal substance consumption]. / Factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias en estudiantes de una universidad pública.

OBJECTIVE: Determining the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with public university students' legal and illegal substance consumption. METHOD: This was across-sectional study of 1,359 randomly selected students. The harvesting instrument included the CAGE questionnaire and VESPA,WHO, Rosenberg, Francis and APGAR scales. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for univariate and bivariate analysis using disparity ratios (95 % confidence intervals and 5 % error) whilst logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: An association was found between abusive alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes (OR=4.6), marijuana (OR=4.6) and using cocaine (OR=2.2); having a dysfunctional family was associated with smoking cigarettes (OR=1.2), using cocaine (OR=1.95) and abusive alcohol consumption (OR=1.94). CONCLUSIONS: Abusive alcohol consumption and having a dysfunctional family were influential factors regarding psychoactive substance consumption in public university students.

Exploración del riesgo para fluorosis dental en niños de las clínicas odontológicas universidad de Cartagena / Exploring the risk of dental fluorosis in children at the Universidad of Cartagena's odontology clinics

Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de fluorosis dental y su relación con factores asociados en niños que acuden a las clínicas de Odontopediatría Universidad de Cartagena. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en la Universidad de Cartagena durante el 2009. Se seleccionó una muestra probabilística aleatoria simple con remplazo. Se examinaron 230 niños utilizando el índice de Thylstrup y Fejerskov y se aplicó una encuesta a las madres de los participantes, que indagaba sobre los factores asociados a la Fluorosis dental. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de proporciones, asumiendo intervalos de confianza del 95 %, razones de disparidad (odds ratio) y regresión logística, utilizando el programa STATA 10.0®. Resultados La prevalencia de la Fluorosis dental fue 66,5 %, presentándose un 88,3 % de casos leve y 11,7 % de moderado. No se observaron lesiones severas. Los factores que explican la presencia de Fluorosis dental fueron: cantidad de sal utilizada para preparar los alimentos entre media y una cucharada sopera, primera aplicación de flúor antes de los cuatro años, cantidad de dentífrico usado entre la mitad y la totalidad del cepillo, ingesta de dentífrico durante el cepillado y la ingesta de dentífrico en momentos diferentes al cepillado (p=0.000; x² =48,2). Conclusiones La prevalencia de Fluorosis en la población de estudio se considera alta, aunque la mayoría de los casos corresponden al estadio leve. Se puede afirmar que esta alteración está influida probablemente por la exposición al mismo tiempo de diferentes fuentes de fluoruros utilizadas para la prevención de la Caries dental.(AU)

Objective Describing the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its relationship with associated factors in children attending the University of Cartagena's Odontopaediatrics clinics. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Cartagena during 2009; patients were selected by simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR). A group of 230 children were examined using the Thylstrup and Ferjerskov index and the participants' mothers were surveyed regarding factors associated with dental fluorosis. STATA 10.0 software was used for analysing the information by percentages, assuming 95 % confidence intervals, disparity ratios and logistic retrogression. Results There was 66.5 % dental fluorosis prevalence; 88.3 % of cases were mild and 11.7 % moderate. No severe lesions were observed. The factors explaining the presence of dental fluorosis were: the quantity of salt used in preparing food, the first application of fluorine before age 4, the quantity of toothpaste used when brushing, ingestion of toothpaste during brushing and ingestion of toothpaste different to that at brushing time (p=0.000; x²=48.2). Conclusions The prevalence of fluorosis in the study group was considered to be significantly high, although most cases were very moderate. It can be stated that such alteration was probably influenced by exposure to varied sources of fluoride used in preventing dental caries.(AU)

Factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias en estudiantes de una universidad pública / Public university students' psychosocial factors associated with legal and illegal substance consumption

Objetivo Determinar prevalencia y factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias legales e ilegales en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Método Estudio de tipo transversal realizado con 1359 estudiantes, seleccionados aleatoriamente. El instrumento de recolección incluyó el VESPA, CAGE, y las escalas de WHO, Rosemberg, Francis y APGAR. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado a través de razones de disparidad, con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento y error del 5 por ciento; análisis multivariado por medio de regresión logística, utilizando el programa Statistical Package Socials Sciencies (SPSS). Resultados Se encontró asociación entre el consumo abusivo de alcohol con el consumo de cigarrillos (OR=4,6), marihuana (OR=4,6) y cocaína (OR=2,2). El tener familias disfuncionales se asoció con el consumo de cigarrillo (OR=1,2), cocaína (OR=1,95) y consumo abusivo de alcohol (OR=1,94). Conclusiones El consumo abusivo de alcohol y la disfuncionalidad familiar son factores influyentes para el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios.

Objective Determining the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with public university students' legal and illegal substance consumption. Method This was across-sectional study of 1,359 randomly selected students. The harvesting instrument included the CAGE questionnaire and VESPA,WHO, Rosenberg, Francis and APGAR scales. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for univariate and bivariate analysis using disparity ratios (95 percent confidence intervals and 5 percent error) whilst logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results An association was found between abusive alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes (OR=4.6), marijuana (OR=4.6) and using cocaine (OR=2.2); having a dysfunctional family was associated with smoking cigarettes (OR=1.2), using cocaine (OR=1.95) and abusive alcohol consumption (OR=1.94). Conclusions Abusive alcohol consumption and having a dysfunctional family were influential factors regarding psychoactive substance consumption in public university students.

Consumo patológico de alcohol entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Cartagena, 2008 / Pathological alcohol consumption amongst students from the University of Cartagena, 2008

Objetivos Determinar la frecuencia del consumo patológico de alcohol y caracterizar las variables relacionadas con el consumo entre los estudiantes de los programas diurnos y presenciales de la Universidad de Cartagena. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra fue de 1 031 estudiantes de los programas diurnos y presenciales de la Universidad de Cartagena, los cuales fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente por un muestreo estratificado proporcional, quienes respondieron un Cuestionario de auto reporte que incluyó el cuestionario Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Se utilizo análisis univariado y los estimadores generados se calcularon tendiendo en cuenta los factores de expansión correspondientes al diseño muestral, utilizando el programa Stata 9.1®. Resultados El 34,5 por ciento de los estudiantes presentaron consumo de riesgo, perjudicial o dependencia, principalmente los hombres con un 41,1 por ciento. El consumo actual fue de 83,6 por ciento. La edad de inicio más frecuente fue de 15 a 16 años con el 38 por ciento. Dentro de los problemas reportados se encuentran los físicos 58 por ciento, relaciones sexuales sin protección 19 por ciento y los problemas familiares 12 por ciento. Conclusiones Coherente con lo informado en otros estudios, se encontró que el consumo de alcohol entre los universitarios es alto al igual que el consumo de riesgo o perjudicial, en especial en los estudiantes varones, con características de consumo de baja frecuencia y grandes cantidades (5 tragos o más por ocasión).

Objective Determining the frequency of pathological alcohol consumption and characterising the variables related to such consumption in students taking daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used; 1,031 students from daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena participated in it (480 males and 551 females). They were selected by randomly sampling responses to a questionnaire which included the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Stata 9.1 software was used for single variable analysis. Results 34.5 percent of the students displayed a high risk of consumption, mainly males (41.1 percent). Total consumption was 83.6 percent, median age for the most frequent consumption was 15/16 (38 percent), beer being the preferred drink (65 percent). Reported problems included alcohol poisoning (68 percent), physical ailments (58 percent), light headedness (30 percent), having sex without protection (19 percent) and family problems (12 percent). Conclusions Alcohol consumption amongst college students was high, as was their tendency to consume dangerous quantities, mainly males having low-consumption characteristics (once a month or less) but consuming large amounts (5 drinks or more) on such occasions.

[Pathological alcohol consumption amongst students from the University of Cartagena, 2008]. / Consumo patológico de alcohol entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Cartagena, 2008.

OBJECTIVE: Determining the frequency of pathological alcohol consumption and characterising the variables related to such consumption in students taking daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used; 1,031 students from daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena participated in it (480 males and 551 females). They were selected by randomly sampling responses to a questionnaire which included the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Stata 9.1 software was used for single variable analysis. RESULTS: 34.5% of the students displayed a high risk of consumption, mainly males (41.1%). Total consumption was 83.6%, median age for the most frequent consumption was 15/16 (38%), beer being the preferred drink (65 %). Reported problems included alcohol poisoning (68%), physical ailments (58%), light headedness (30%), having sex without protection (19%) and family problems (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption amongst college students was high, as was their tendency to consume dangerous quantities, mainly males having low-consumption characteristics (once a month or less) but consuming large amounts (5 drinks or more) on such occasions.